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High Molecular Compounds with Antiviral Activities

Courtesy The Pharmacological Potential of Mushrooms at http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/2/3/285 Ulrike Lindequist*, Timo H. J. Niedermeyer and Wolf-Dieter Jülich, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany. Water-soluble lignins isolated from Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) Pilát, commonly known as 'Chaga', inhibited HIV protease with an IC 50 value of 2.5 µg ml-1 (26). Anti-HIV activities were reported for mycelial culture medium of L. edodes (LEM) and water-soluble lignin in LEM (27,28). Sulfated lentinan from L. edodes completely prevented HIV-induced cytopathic effect (29). The protein-bound polysaccharides PSK and PSP (to the differences between both substances see Table 1) from Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát [syn. Coriolus versicolor (L.: Fr.) Quelet] were also found to have an antiviral effect on HIV and cytomegalovirus in vitro (30). Besides immunostimulation, other effects of the polysaccharide-protein complexes contribute to the antiviral activity, e.g. inhibition of binding of HIV-1 gp120 to immobilized CD4 receptor and of reverse transcriptase activity of viruses (31). Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was caused by velutin, a ribosome inactivating protein from Flammulina velutipes (M. A. Curtis: Fr.) P. Karst., as well (32). The maitake D-fraction (MD-fraction) from Grifola frondosa (Dicks: F) S.F. Gray was tested in a long-term trial with 35 HIV patients. A total of 85% of responders reported an increased sense of well-being with regard to various symptoms and secondary diseases caused by HIV (Figure 3). Twenty patients showed an increase in CD4+ cell counts to 1.4-1.8 times and eight patients a decrease to 0.8-0.5 times (33).

Additional Research Reports:

Chaga's Inhibiting Effects on Tumor Growth: Rzymowska 1998. Extract Betulin inhibits tumor growth: Noda et al 1997. Anti-Mutagenic effects on Chaga: Akiko Saitoh, Chizuko Sato & Kazuhito Niiyama 1996/08. Effects of the Extracts from fungus Inonotus Oliquus on Catalase level in HeLa and nocardia cells: A. Jarosz, M Skorska, J. Rzymowska, J. Kochmanska, E Malarczyk Vol 137 1990. Effects of Aqueous extracts from Inonotus Obliquus on the Mitotic Index and Enzyme Activities: J. Rzymowska Vol 137 1998

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